知識、技能、經驗和態度 (KSEA)

Knowledge, skills, experience and attitude (KSEA)

創辦和經營一個企業需要特定的技能和特質，因此識別您已擁有的能力以及需要改進或學習的領域是至關重要的。使用 KSEA 架構來評估企業的現況，這可以突顯出您在知識、技能、經驗和能力方面的不足之處。利用這些資訊來制定職位描述、評估候選人、進行績效評估以及設計培訓和發展計劃。

Starting and running a business requires specific skills and attributes, so it's essential to identify those you already have, and the areas you may need to improve or learn. Use the KSEA framework to assess the business in it's current state. This can highlight areas where you may be lacking in knowledge, skills, experience, and abilities. Use this to develop job descriptions, assess candidates, conduct performance reviews, and design training and development programs.

通過明確定義所需的知識、技能、經驗和態度，我們可以規劃做出明智的決策。檢視您的企業目前所擁有的以及所需要的。以下是每個組成部分的詳細說明：

知識：隨著時間積累的有組織的數據、事實、資訊和框架的集合
技能：熟練運用知識和完成活動的能力
經驗：隨著時間的推移，通過接觸各種情境，增強決策能力
態度：支持或抑制行為和動機的核心信念和觀點

By clearly defining the required knowledge, skills, experience, and attitudes, we can make informed decisions about planning. Look at what your business has, and what your business needs. Here is a breakdown of each component:

Knowledge: The collection of organised data, facts, information and frameworks acquired over time.
Skills: The ability to apply knowledge and complete activities proficiently.
Experience: Exposure to a variety of contexts over time builds capacity for decision making.
Attitude: Core beliefs and opinions that support or inhibit behaviour and motivation.

></p>
<div class=

人員留用

請思考如何透過對員工的投資來留住人才與技能。這可以包括在組織內提供學習和發展機會，並隨時關注行業團體、教育機構和政府機構所提供的各類經濟實惠的培訓與教育資源。

人員留用的另一個重要方面是創造一個讓員工感到被重視、安全、受到鼓勵與尊重的工作環境或企業文化。同時，明確傳達符合組織價值觀的正向行為期望，並讓企業主和管理者以身作則，都是關重要的。

Staff retention

Consider how you will invest in your staff to retain them and their skills. This could include learning and development opportunities within your organisation and remaining alert to affordable education available through industry groups, education providers and government agencies.

Another important aspect of staff retention is creating a work environment or workplace culture where people feel valued, safe, encouraged and respected. It is important that expectations are made clear with positive behaviour aligned to your organisation values and where business owners and managers are role models.

組織慣例

組織慣例是指在一個組織為達成特定目標或任務而建立的固定和重複的活動、流程和行為模式。這些慣例通常是經過長時間的經驗累積、學習和適應而發展出來的。根據加維蒂 (Gavetti，2005年) 的研究，若能確保您的企業在個人、團隊和部門層面擁有完成組織慣例所需的知識、技能、經驗和正確態度，便能維持一致性並提高整體效率。

Organisational routines

Organisational routines are the regular and repetitive patterns of activities, processes, and behaviours that are established within an organisation to achieve specific goals or tasks. These routines are often developed over time through experience, learning, and adaptation. According to Gavetti (2005), ensuring that your business has the knowledge, skills, experience and the right attitudes at the individual, group and department level to complete it's organisational routines will ensure consistency and improve efficiency.

個人層面 | Individual level

每位員工的技能、知識和行為。每個人在能力發展中扮演著重要的角色，他們透過持續學習和適應來提升自己。他們的承諾、創造力和合作意願有助於組織的創新和演變能力。

The skills, knowledge, and behaviours of each employee. Individuals play a crucial role in capability development by continuously learning and adapting. Their commitment, creativity, and willingness to collaborate contribute to the organisation's ability to innovate and evolve.

團隊層面 | Group level

團隊內部的有效溝通與協調，可促成能力的集體發展。培養共同目標、相互支持和開放回饋文化的團隊，能夠創造技能分享和知識傳播的環境，加速能力建構的進程。

Effective communication and coordination within groups enables the collective development of capabilities. Groups that foster a culture of shared goals, mutual support, and open feedback create an environment of skill-sharing and knowledge dissemination, accelerating the capability-building process.

部門層面 | Department level

特定組織單位內的功能、資源和流程的協調。各部門負責推動持續改進。通過優化工作流程和培養主人翁意識，各部門對組織創造價值和適應不斷變化的需求的整體能力作出貢獻。

The alignment of functions, resources, and processes within specific organisational units. Departments are responsible for driving continuous improvement. By refining workflows and cultivating a sense of ownership, departments contribute to the organisation's overall ability to deliver value and adapt to changing demands.

請就您目前的組織慣例做一些筆記，我們將在單元六中重新討論。當我們在《商業務計劃書》的第五部分中制定標準作業程序時，我們將包括這些資訊。

Make some notes about your current organisational routines and we will revisit this in Module 6. We will include this information when we develop our standard operating procedures in Section 5 of the business plan.